Describe an activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Describe an activity - Essay Exampleh the questions that Cvitanic and Hoegerman (2013), intuitive feeling Co-Editors of Daily Nexus, anticipateed What can we fall upon from these negative effects of our social activities? These beach cleanups made me realize that, aside from school activities, biotic community experiences contribute to my development as a globular, environmental citizen, if I both learn how to ask questions and to offer answers through personal and collective action.Community interactions, especially through voluntary experiences, inspection and repair me become a orbiculate citizen because I ask action-oriented actions and offer solutions and contribute to collective action. Sexuality is non wrong, but leaving behind litter because of its expression is. After finding numerous used and sweet condoms, I thought about how irresponsible these people must be to have sex so openly and yet not minding their trash. Paul and Elder (1999) underscored the importance o f asking questions in teaching, learning, and thinking. They said Questions trace tasks, express problems and delineate issues. Many of those who litter in Isla Vista are not only community members, but also outsiders. My questions go to all of us who partake in these community events are How should global citizens inject responsibility into the meaning of partying in modern society? How can be nurture thinkers who ask their accountability for their community actions? Because of these cleanups, I realized the role of thinking in being responsible global citizens who visit and attend different community affairs. Apart from asking questions, these volunteer experiences helped me offer personal solutions, eyepatch contributing to collective efforts. As I clean up, I reduce litter in the beach, and unneurotic with volunteers, we hopefully provide a model of good conduct to the community. These efforts contribute to my global citizenship by make me aware of my connection to others th rough our oneness in the community.Apart from global citizenship, I learned

Software Usability (HW) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Softw are Usability (HW) - Research Paper Example bang-up usability results to a pleasant man-to-machine interaction while bad usability results to frustration.Evaluating the site usability is a subjective process involving incarnate views and user perspectives. The end-users should have to have the last opinion nigh it. Below could be a fixed of criteria in assessing site usabilityNavigability. First of all, there should be a speedy and easy navigation where a user wont seem to watch he/she is in fact navigating. A impregnable ride around the site keeps the user stuck for more and exploring for concerns becomes common sense. At the very least, the user becomes at ease about the organization of the site without necessarily knowing what it is (Lawrence & Tavakol, 2007). Frames, table of contents, You are here flags are just some(a) of the commonplace devices to easy navigation (Spool et al., 1999).Content Layout. Visuals are just of the essence. The site is do for the users not for the developers or designers who can read through intricate machine languages. However, this is not heavily about aesthetics, though in fact, not at all. This is where the readable text style and size and appropriate annotate come into the picture of an acceptable page visibility allocated for a user (Peterson, 2005).User-preference. This may be the just about important factor in e-commerce sites. Though it may not be useful to all websites, some people will still actually look for the Search button first thing upon getting into the site.Web experts seem to have come into unparalleled conclusions regarding website usability. One may always find loopholes in every argument another makes. Actually, usability is a simple thing people only likely notice when they dont get it. To end debates like these, consumer research is key. Consumer psychology is a way to marketability. to a greater extent so, nobody makes a good conclusion without a good research. It

Lean concept in manufacturing field Literature review

Lean concept in manufacturing field - Literature review ExampleWith the unsuccessful person of MRP to offer enhanced system performance, the shift has foc employ to Just-in- date outturn systems which ar driven by client demand Hence, the jobs are giveed through the system with linkage between stages in the production process (Deleersnyder, et al., 1989). The Nipponese system of Kanban is required in order to physically implement the pull production system. Kanban is often used in conjunction with Just-in-Time production whereby the right quantity must be manufactured at the take over level and at the right time. Literally translated as a card, the Kanban signal, which is generated through the master production schedule (MPS) or customer demand, triggers JIT as it workplaces its way backwards through each work centre. Generally, a Kanban is tied to each container of work-in-progress (WIP) which contains specifications pertaining to that WIP such as the lot size, card number, due date and so forth Research has demonstrated various benefits associated with the use of Kanban. JIT al unkepts most companies to achieve the benefits of shorter lead times, enhanced quality and low inventory buffer (Cimorelli, 2013). However, choosing the Kanban size often requires tradeoffs. For instance, a large size of Kanban will often allow for in spiriteder level of stock albeit with a shorter lead time and less time for position up machines frequently. Furthermore, Kanban acts as a means of communication from usage points to the prior operation as salutary as serve the purpose of visual signage (Wang, 2011). As far as the types of Kanban are concerned, there are generally two types of Kanban systems single card and dual card systems. This entails separating the storage of output of a situation stage from the storage of enter in the succeeding stage along with the use of extra card named as withdrawal Kanban (Krieg, 2005). This Kanban is defined as one which accompa nies the containers that are responsible for storage at the input stage. This is followed by removal of the withdrawal Kanban and its subsequent storage in a collection box when the production system uses a container (Krieg, 2005). Subsequently, the withdrawal Kanban is further removed from the collection box by a immune carrier and moved into the storage for output from the previous stage. On the other hand, the single-card Kanban is more efficient for manufacturing processes that contain high changeover time owing to batch production (Basu & Wright, 2005). The major difference between a single-card and dual-card Kanban is that the originator lacks a production Kanban and specific inventory points (Basu & Wright, 2005). To conclude, the use of Kanban in the Just-in-time production system is fairly old. However, their greatness has steadily increased owing to the paradigm shift towards demand-pull manufacturing systems as opposed to urge on-manufacturing systems. Nevertheless it must be noted that although the Kanban system lead to efficient levels of inventory, shorter lead times and better flow of communication crossways the production system, it may not always fulfill all order qualifiers at the same time as tradeoffs may be involved. 2. Push/pull systems Lean manufacturing systems are usually split into pull and push production systems. Push systems are based on scheduling work such that it is released on the basis of customer demand (Kimura & Terada, 1981). This is because their aim is to maximize the usage of production capacity. These systems are driven by the system of due-dates. The release date is controlled and the level of Work in Progress is then observed. By utilize this system, companies are able increase the volume of their production which in turn reduces the cost of production per unit. The push strategy has been used by companies such as Dunkin Donuts for producing their donuts. Customer demand for each of the donuts (such as Glazed, c hocolate, pickaxe etc.) is arrived

Elasticity And The Law Of Supply And Demand Essay

Elasticity And The Law Of Supply And Demand - judge ExampleThe USDA established legal injurys control whenever prices rise to unreasonable levels imputable to a smaller bring out of goods. The rules of supply and demand apply to both eggs and beef products. The United States is one of the biggest exporters of affection in the world. The elasticity of beef is of affected by the income of the person because beef can be eliminated during dinner for some other food products or a pizza night with the family. The vegetarian population would be an anomaly in a statistical study of for testing how much meet a person consumes on a day-to-day basis due to their personal belief that beef consumption is not good for the body. Most Americans acknowledge to go out and eat a good steakhouse. If the favorite restaurant of a person gives them a 10% coupon for their next purchase the chances of that person coming back are high-pitcheder than normal. If the price of Coca-Cola double it would cr eate panic in the consumer markets. Customer would begin to boycott Coca-Cola because their soft drink has pose a necessity to provide fluids to entire global population of 6.96 billion people. The sales of the company would go down a lot and the company would not be able to generate breakeven sales due to its high overhead and fixed which are common among industry leaders in any market. A 30% decrease would affect the sales of Coca-Cola but not at the equivalent level because the kin is not linear. The Coca-Coca sales might go down a few percentage points, but by lowering prices the company can minimize the damage. The primary reason Coca-Cola sales are not expiration to diminish by a factor equal to the loss in income is because sodas are a fundamental food necessity product. The brand value of Coca-Cola is very strong and is going to continue to become a social icon as the company is spending over $2 billion yearly to advertize its products and improve its corporate image a nd brand value. DQ3 Five determinants of demand are income, consumer preferences, number of buyers, substitutes & complement products, and futurity expectations. The income variable is very important. Companies should expand to countries that have a high gross domestic product per capita such as develop economies whose population is above $9000 per capita. The customer preferences are another factor. For instance sell meat in India is a hard proposition to accept for the local population since the cow is considered a heavenly animal. A large number of buyers is good in a concentrated areas because the company can be much effective at implementing mass media companys at a lower salute due to the its great locations. Substitute products are product that can interchange the consumption of another good. For lesson soft drinks can be substituted by water which is worth a fraction per 10 ounces that a Coca Cola can. 4. I agree with your definition of elasticity of demand. When I go shopping for costume I am persuaded to purchase clothes that are on special at retail stores. The same behavior affects most of my buying decisions. You mentioned that certain products or services have a demand that is more sensitive which is true. The income of the population also affects a lot whether the customers suffer from consumerism. The majority of U.S. citizens suffer from this syndrome due to high gross domest

Mexican immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Mexican immigration - Essay casingThe laws certainly apply to all when they are broken. The federal government, to no ones surprise, has been no help. For example, the scrub political science has long supported some form of amnesty which has enraged those that are opposed to abominable aliens living, working or going to school in the U.S. On the other hand, the administration also endorses the patriot Act which denies constitutionally guaranteed rights to all people and further punishes immigrants in the effort to win the war on terror. The right answer escapes the government and many others as well because of the issues many complexities. This reciprocation entrust examine the immigration deal from a legal, economic and social view. It will present the administrations answer to the problem along with an opposing opinion. It will also speak to laws germane to the debate including a brief review of the PATRIOT Act, the Fifth Amendment regarding due process and the Fourteenth A mendment which relates to automatic citizenship by birth.While on a recent visit to Arizona, President Bush tried to explain his emplacement on immigration. Nobody should be given an automatic citizenship. Thats called amnesty. Bushs vision of a path to citizenship has been characterized by some as too stringent a requirement for hard-working families who only believe to become citizens by some and pure amnesty, a free pass by others. White family Press Secretary Tony Snow explained illegal aliens allowed to stay under the presidents plan will pay fines and back-taxes, avoid criminal activities and maintain continuous employment. They must remain current with payments of current and time to come taxes and carry a tamper-proof identification. And when all of that is done, you get to go to the back of the line, and you wait, what, 11 years or more(prenominal) for a chance to become a citizen, at the end of which you have to

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

attention - Essay ExampleLike most economies, the UK practices a system where most critical loving ope deem ar provided by the government (Engineers, 2008). Education and healthc be celestial spheres are some of the areas where the government plays very unconditional roles. However, with a growing budget deficit that continues to raise concerns, austerity measures become inevitable. The United Kingdom, with its expanding public sector coupled with a growing population, has been forced to borrow severally to finance its budget deficits. Such continue borrowing may take a leak long-term impacts on the economy considering that the debts have to be repaid. In such a case, the austerity measures advocated for by most policy advisors become necessary. It certainly becomes a plus to the many a(prenominal) private firms across the country as new opportunities will emerge in product and service delivery. However, in light of the recent street protests against the proposals to cut go vernment spending, several considerations emerge. Several hospitals in the UK are already bogged down by numbers courtesy of the cuts that greatly impact on the quality of social services. The education system in the country has for several years been one of the best in the field (Al-Mazrouei, 2001). This attribute emerges out of the great support that the government allocates to the rudimentary services like education, water and healthcare. It whence becomes imperative that several considerations be made before any major government spending is practicated. In most cases, increased evaluatees are normally dreaded by the public. Nevertheless, a government that effectively uses the tax money on decent policies that impact positively on the masses certainly faces little antipathy towards its social reform policies. The UKs situation in indeed one of the most notable cases in the entire world. It demands greater government intervention which can only be attained through proper spen ding policies. In its bid to exercise its mandate in the establishment of the lending base rate that guides the interest place in England, the Bank of Englands monetary policy Committee faces myriad challenges in its approach to the whole issue (Tennant, 2009). The essence of setting the base rate is basically to ensure toll stability in the country and to limit variations in the various interest rates across the country. In light of the emerging economic challenges that continue to bedevil the world, it is inevitable that economic priorities too need to permute with a view of addressing the whole issue. Currently, the Committees main focus is keeping the interest rates at the basement levels with a view of economic expansion. In the recent years, it is indeed true that an swelling overshot has characterized the UK economy as the Banks pretence that the situation will return to normalcy in dickens years only help to escalate the tensions that emerge in policy circles. However, in view of this challenge, the basic challenge that confronts the Bank of England needs to be understood. The excess price and output volatilities are issues that must be addressed in tandem with the inflationary extremities (Giuseppi, 2008). The high inflation rates in the country have greatly influenced the performance of many firms. As the borrowing rates become unbearable, most commercial firms are reconsidering their

Research 3 software applications with balanced scorecard, business Term Paper

Research 3 software product activitys with balanced scorecard, patronage intelligence, business analytics and prophetical analytics tha - Term Paper Examplean effectively reduce a large computation work into a set of sizable computations thereby improving the speed, capability and accuracy of the applications (Winkler, 2011). Analytics applications are often regarded as a sub set of performance management beca role they are near related to the epitome of various business processes such as potential risks and account payable analytics and this is critically important during the decision making processes. This paper discuses the three main business analytics applications such as SPSS analytics, SAS analytics application and Oracle analytics software as hygienic ass their potential deployment in cloud computing. IBMs SPSS holloive software is currently one of the widely used business applications that enable managers to effectively and accurately predict a do of business opera tions to enable them ingest smarter decisions, solve their business problems as well as improve outcomes. As predictive analytics software, SPSS provided an integrated speak to to predictive analytics through a number of distinct application packages such as data collection, statistics, modeller and decision management software. Competition in the current business world has been seen at various points and the need to focus so that to remain profitable has encouraged the use of SPSS predictive soft ware and SAS Analytics application software. These softwares have become important tools for analysis of business performance and prediction of the direction an organization takes in terms of strategies and management in gear up to remain profitable. It has been observed that through usage of such software it has increased the forecast into performance and enabled businesses to touch informed decisions. Through such various organizations have gained insights... r of business operations to enable them make smarter decisions, solve their business problems as well as improve outcomes. As predictive analytics software, SPSS provided an integrated approach to predictive analytics through a number of distinct application packages such as data collection, statistics, Modeler and decision management software. It is currently one of the popular business application software used in business development to gather, analyze interpret and make decisions on the viability and future changes in strategy and concepts. This software have been beneficial to many businesses and organizations. Oracle business analytics is another important application with business intelligence, business analytics and predictive analytics which can be effectively deployed via cloud computing. There are a number of organizational implications of deploying business analytics applications via cloud computing. In conclusion, cloud computing is a new technology that has significantly influenced the use o f business intelligence applications.

Titus Andronicus by Shakespeare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Titus Andronicus by Shakespe ar - Essay ExampleBut, its popularity picked caprice later in the 20th century. Despite being considered most violent and traditionally perceived as quite controversial, Titus Andronicus still digs with acute intelligence into the theme of honor and constructs a riveting fashion model to cast a spell on the readers. Honor plays a very prominent role in shaping events of the story and also plays a steering role in making different char doers act in a revengeful manner. Restoration of honor is perceived as the most valuable prey by every character. This essay seeks to explore at length how the theme of honor is handled by Shakespeare in this tragedy and in how many different ways it influences the structure of the story. In the play, the revered Roman world(a) Titus returns home after a ten year long war having lost most of his sons. He has bodies of two defunct sons with him and some important barbarous Goths who are now made prisoners. The harrowing ecumenic is exceptionally dishonored by the damage done to his family in the form of death of his sons during the war (Delahoyde) and he in turn after reaching home brutally sacrifices the eldest son of Tamora, empress of the Goths, to pacify the souls of his dead sons. This was certainly a heinous way of restoring honor but plays a momentous role in shaping the future events. Later, when the new ruler of Rome makes Tamora his empress instead of Lavinia, Titus again feels dishonored (McGoodwin) and also Tamora vows to ruin Tituss life to reestablish her lost honor. It is the influence and driving motivation of honor basically which makes Tamora convert her two spared sons to ferociously rape Lavinia and also disfigure her. Blinded with revenge, the dishonored Goth family agrees on this distressing plan and Lavinia is badly harmed with her tongue and both hands cut off so the culprits could not be named. This extremely cruel act strikes a staggering blow on Tituss pride because he adores his daughter and the state she is left in by his enemies leaves him anguished beyond possibility. All his life Titus has anticipate respect from others being a man in high position and the brutality to which his daughter is unresolved makes him realize with plain clarity that his prized prerogative of being honored is tarnished. This acknowledgement of infringements on his self-esteem serves as a propeller to seek vengeance, but unfortunately he has no idea who is behind the offensive of rape, so an anguished Tamora very cunningly further goes on her secretive plans to demolish Tituss inflated sense of self-respect by sending him severed heads of his sons. It is easy to realize how myriad inhumane acts are committed in Titus Andronicus in the name of honor. This suggests that Titus has a really warped perception of honor (Annareese). The ideal plot revolves around this theme from the beginning till the end and compels the characters who are broken from inside and dupe no respect for humanity to engage in vicious plans. Every single character has an enigmatically twisted approach to restoring honor. The portrayal of violence in this tragedy is unparalleled and it is deliberately kept so to make the theme of honor emphatic. This is why scary acts of violence keep haunting the readers in every act to convey the message how drastically the idea of honor can penetrate the minds of people compel them to break all barriers to get back this prodigious wealth if snatched by anyone. History is full of events worry

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 34

Economics - Essay Examplective of the essay a elaborated elaboration has been presented on the major effectiveness of the liberalization of trade on the level of poverty of nations.With the recent years of globalization, the countries have been able to curtail down borders and accordingly, enhance international trade. This internationalization was initially sight to increase the level of quality living in a nation. Openness and trade liberalization be presently observed to be the key components that lead to the development of an economy. Liberalization of trade is by distant identified to be the central character that has been playing a pivotal role to ensure undefeated economic development. On the contrary, when theorists are elaborating the success of trade for economic development extreme poverty continues to persist1. globalisation has emerged to be the most important factors of the global economy after the Cold War. The globalization has become a defining feature of the global economy in the 21st century and a major source of initiating international integration. However, the world still persists on the basic principles of the national and home(prenominal) policies determining the economic personal business of nations. During the last phases of the 20th century, the rapid internationalization became evident with the expansion of the Multinational Corporation (MNC). This forced varied national economies to integrate with the international economies globally. Contrarily this even instigated the effect of international economy on the domestic economies of nations23.Internationalization of trade has in turn been implying a huge furbish up on the economic stopping point making of nations. It has often been observed that the interlinked economic system in this globalized world has often made it troublesome for the under true economy to pace up their growth as well as development with the developed ones. Moreover, the financial crisis experienced in one segment of the global economy creates a huge impact on the

Demographics of Durango Local Coffee Houses Research Paper

Demographics of Durango Local Coffee Houses - Research musical theme ExampleDurango is indeed a small city relative to the highly commercialized and highly inhabit cities in New York and California.Out of the 5492 households, 22.4% have children below 18 years old who be pacify living with them, 34.2% of the population atomic number 18 married couples that live together while those under the age of 18 compose 16.6% of the population, 26.1% of the population from 18-24, 27.2% from 25-44 years old, 19.4% aged from 45-64 and 10.7% aged 65 or previous(a) (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.).In scathe of income, only 7.3% of the population live below the poverty line, the median income for Durango households $34, 892 and the median income for families $50,814, while male are recorded to have higher incomes than females by a discrepancy of almost $7000 (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.).Currently, there are quintuple top local coffee bean shops in the city- Durango Joes on College, Magpies News stand, Durango Coffee Company, Steaming Bean and Starbucks in Durango. I have done an individual study on these five local coffee companies to answer the queries regarding the demography of people who frequent these local coffee shops. To know their target customers is also one of the goals of the study. In addendum to this, I have also observed the marketing strategies, specifically the advertising strategies that these coffee shops employ to root for their target customers, through direct observation and further research. Durango Joes on CollegeStarting the year with a whang was Durango Joes, after its owner Joe Lloyd received the Entrepreneur of the year Award in January. Having a simple philosophy and goal of making each persons day alive with a shape of coffee, Durango Joes branches are sprouting up all over the town to reach many of its customers (Durango Joes Coffee). Durango Joes has recently opened a branch in Farmington to add to its existing branches. Given my obser vations, Durango Joes is frequented by diverse types of people specifically of females, who are at other(a) age, particularly of 15-20, 20-25 and 25-30 age groups and with men who are at their late stage, 30-40,40-50 and 50-60 age groups. The younger women who visit the stemma are usually those who access the net for school or job requirements or who just privation to enjoy the comfort and peace of the store. With available personal computers and internet access, these are possible for any consumer. These women are also the ones who usually bring in their books to the store and read while also enjoying a cup of coffee. This has been a habit among the young people especially the women and this explains the higher number of young women in Durango Joes. Among the groups, older men at the age of 40-50 registered the highest frequency of Durango Joes visit. The reason for this is that most of these middle aged men do come in groups, being friends or officemates. Durango Joes has been the popular hub of this group of people who dine for precious cackle and laughter. With the recently launched, online ordering, Durango Joes is not just spreading market to diners but also to those who need instant coffee satisfaction away from retail locations. Magpies NewsstandWhat exactly makes the

Water. Characteristics of water Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Water. Characteristics of pee - Essay ExampleAccording to Benjamin (32) water comprises of about 54-78% of the total human body. It is an important component of human nutrition and it is taken directly by dint of drinking and as a constituent of food. This paper examines scientific and chemical properties of water, with special focus on its application in food and nutrition. Characteristics of water Water has a chemical formula, H2O and hence it is a compound made of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms, bound by strong covalent bonds. Water naturally exists in three states, namely solid in form of ice, liquid and in gaseous form. In liquid state, chemically pure water is tasteless, odorless and colorless substance with a tinge of blue color. It has a density of 1g/cm3 at 40C . Water freezes at 0o C and reaches its boiling arcdegree of 100oC at standard pressure of 760mm Hg (Benjamin 53-56). Water demonstrates various chemical properties. It reacts with acidic and basic oxides formin g inorganic acids and alkalis respectively. Water reacts with metals and non-metals to form respective hydroxides (Armstrong and Kellee, 19). Some salts bonds with water to form hydrated compounds containing water of crystallization in the structure. These hydrated salts can loose the water of crystallization when subjected to high temperature forming anhydrous compounds. Water is a cold molecule and many substances dissolves in it (Benjamin76). The chemical and physical properties of water

Lesson 1.3 Critical Thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Lesson 1.3 Critical Thinking - undertake ExampleChildhood cancers occur at different sites of the body as compared to adulthood cancers. Most of the childhood cancers are brain tumors, leukemia and lymphoma and bone cancer. On the other hand, cancer in adults tends to occur mainly in the breast, colon, lungs, and pancreas and prostrate. There are also cancers that affect adults but virtually never occur in children, succession at the same type some childhood cancers never occur in adults (Jones, 2008).With respect to treatment, cancers occurring in childrens bodies tend to respond better to treatments such as chemotherapy as compared to the way adults bodies do. Though this is the case, these treatments, wish well the radiation therapy and the chemotherapy may have long-term side effects. This requires for there to be a careful personify up for the rest of their lives on children who undergo this treatments (McCance, 2009).In the case study given, the 14 year-old female suffered from unhomogeneous side effects as a result of the dicloxacillin therapy she was undergoing. Some of the effects are putting surface adverse drug reactions which include headache, fever, purpura, swollen and bleeding gums and generalized petechiae. From the lab-work results, the young girls platelets work out is low. The path physiology of cells and tissues or the cellular environment attribute greatly to cancer (White,

Managing gender equality in the workplace Assignment

Managing gender equation in the workplace - Assignment frameworkOrganizations prefer to have individuals from diverse backgrounds as their team members because this choice can bring in much gift, innovative ideas, knowledge and learning opportunities. On the negative side, this measure can create a draw play of anger, frustration, unhealthy competition, employees politics and complexes among the employees because of low tolerance and sexual superiority. In most organizations, we see that majority of the works force is of men and they are the singles serving at the superior positions. Women are not much appreciated in the business orbit because it is a common mis imaginationion in our society that women are just meant for taking care of the entire family, raising the children and doing the household work. In reality, the potential possessed by females is commendable. Some organizations raise women to work a part of the business arena and they design special policies and rewar ds so that women feel determine and proud of their status. They treat women as equ on the wholey to men and condemn gender discrimination in the workplace. also those belonging to diverse backgrounds have to face real problems when mixing up with team who have simply different cultural backgrounds. Due to such issues, the ultimate productivity of an organization suffers. Among m each such organizations, Unilever is one organization which is a supporter of revolution and gender equality. In this paper, we will be focusing on the practices of Unilever that are aimed at managing equality and diversity within the organization, relate these practices with the theories based on equality and diversity and recommend doable diversity management strategies for Unilever. Theoretical Review Globalization has brought in challenges for almost all organizations. Of them, the biggest one is to survive and compete with other organizations in the industry. Multinational companies are realizing t hat inviting people from across the borders to become a part of them is an intelligent move which can certainly benefit the company. When a team is diverse, every(prenominal) member will be having his own ideas and opinions about things and when these ideas combine, the result is nothing alone success. But this is possible only when diverse teams are managed in a way that their productivity is enhanced. Similarly, women in the business world are as capable as men. Today, companies are realizing that the talent and ability women possess cannot in any case be ignored and they deserve to be given opportunities. There are a hail of key factors that an organization like our chosen one, Unilever is taking into account while designing and implementing its gender equality practices. At Unilever, they have a global diversity program, the purpose of which is to ensure that they have the right talent and creative people in the company. They also ensure that the workforce is gender balanced so that the maximal output can be achieved. Unilever is making it certain that the graduate recruits make fifty percent of the workforce. However, the annual reports reveal that although women are working in senior and middle level positions at the company but there is only one woman who is serving Unilever at the leadership level. We can relate this to the concept of glass ceiling effect.

International Economics, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Economics, - Essay ExampleThe achiever of RTA is mainly due to low trading barriers with all global partners. This means the most positive touch will be gained from free slyness as researches show that least amount of tariff or no tariff is most advantageous for a regional trading agreement to become successful. usage union, common market and economic union, all impose a certain amount of tariff on the goods.This greatly affects the amount of goods to be traded as an economist said the successful expansion of trade among the members of a regional trade agreement tends to be associated with increasing extra regional imports as a cover of GDP and with the growth of world trade., and extra regional imports will only be increased if at that place will be no or minimal tariff. Economic unions and custom unions are only secure for international trade and can only produce positive results if implemented in conjunction particularly in case of EU, and this what happened in 1990s.Trade can only be flourished if the country undertakes international trade and involves in exchanging goods and services from different countries around the globe. International trade means starting trading of goods with international countries which means foreign exchange pouring in the country, atomic number 82 to to a greater extent GDP and resulting in more finance for the industries to make exportable goods. As exports will increase due to more exportable stock, trade will be flourished. International trade improves the relations between two or more countries. meliorate relations means more chances of your own good to be sold in their markets, thus procreation trade (Nayan et al, 2010).International trade increases the productivity of a country more production takes place leading to more people getting employed in the country, and on that pointfore with more share in the GDP, there will be more growth in the world of trade.

How Might Deprivation Lead to Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

How Might Deprivation Lead to Crime - Essay ExampleIn these models, red ink leads to offensive by placing low-income individuals who have low returns from market activity in proximity to high-income individuals who have things that argon worth taking. A formal model of deprivation and property criminal offence in which individuals choose amidst legitimate and criminal activity can be found in Chiu and Madden (1998, p123-141).Most empirical tests of the economic theory of discourtesy have been concerned with the deterrent effects of the criminal justice ashes in particular by how increased police activity and imprisonment rates reduce detestation, and whether this decrement is due to prevention or incapacitation (Tierney 1996). In the past several studies have considered the effect on villainy of deprivation, albeit indirectly through the effect of low earnings on criminal activity (Roger 2002).In cable to the economics of crime literature, which focuses on the deterrent eff ects of the formal criminal justice system, social disorganization theory considers factors that diminish the effectiveness of informal social controls. Shaw and McKay (1942) identified poverty, ethnic heterogeneity, and residential mobility as the trine factors that weaken networks of social control and undermine the ability and willingness of communities to exercise informal control over their members. Sampson (1987) has added family stability to this list. For social disorganization theory, deprivation causes crime indirectly by being associated with poverty. Several of the classic theories of crime, including Marxist, strain, and functional rely heavily on economic factors such as poverty and unemployment to account for variations in crime rates (Shihadeh & Ousey 1998). Researchers since the nineteenth century have suggested a positive association between poverty and crime in urban areas (Tierney 1996). This may be due to the fact that the relationship between poverty and cri me is contingent upon the specific crime category under consideration (Patterson 1991).In Mertons (1938, p672-682) strain theory, individuals low in the social structure are perturbed by their failure to attain the material attributes of success, and this failure is more unanimous when they are confronted by the success of those around them. Unsuccessful individuals become alienated from society and commit the crime in response. Individual alienation can arise from income deprivation or from belonging to a racial minority. The predictions of strain and social disorganization theories have been subject to extensive but questionable empirical testing in the sociological literature. The influential study of Blau and Blau (1982, p114-129) found a strong relationship between calculated income deprivation and homicide rates in large metropolitan areas in 1970. Such theories rely on the worrisome assumption that macro-level relationships reflect the sum of a series of individual-level social-psychological processes. Blau and Blaus (1982, p114-129) prominently stated that highly stratified environments come back feelings of resentment and frustration in individuals.

Get More with Organic Food Essay Example for Free

Get More with Organic Food EssayWith the increase population across the globe, technology has been trying to intervene to produce more nutrition for every champion. The concurrent victuals crisis assaults mans staple food source. Different departments have been called to help alleviate the problem. Scientists have been pushed to find a intend to help the agriculture of these crops. They use chemicals, hormones and otherwise genetic re-engineering to produce more. Unfortunately, this plow too dilutes what one nates farm in consuming food. The nutritional value is then degraded to none. In this regard, this essay rear firm in the notion that innate food allow for deliver more benefits than non-organic food. There ar definite reasons behind this claim. To affirm the claim, the benefits of both categories will be laid out. By utilizing this process, one will be adapted to have an educated stance regarding the debate. The simple question relies on whether countries will rent the science of quality or amount. Organic Food Organic food is defined by the process by which it is produced. This process makes use of the inherent direction of growing produce. Natural fertilizers and traditional means of cultivating them be practiced.They do not make use of modern technology to reap these produce. This kind of food does not undergo any sort of preservation process to prolong its shelf life. This, of course, calls for a lot of advantages. These argon (1) the nutritional values of the food are kept intact, (2) being chemical free renders consumers emancipated from substances that may inevitably incur illness to a person, and (3) it leaves nastiness free from residue brought by chemicals for the next crops to be lay downed. Since organic products are gr possess with the most natural means possible, most of the nutrients products naturally have are well maintained.When products undergo a process, to prolong its shelf life and enhance its flavor, befo re being interchange to the market, it loses its nutrients at a real point. The primary purpose of eating is to attain nutrients to sustain life. But with the legion(predicate) process one could only imagine that a lot of nutrients are wagen away and all in(p) to waste. The processes denied food of his primary purpose. The second benefit of organic food is that in that location are no chemicals utilise in it that may have potential harm on the masses. Since it was grown in the most natural manner, it did not have to use chemicals to cultivate.These chemicals, even when the produce or livestock has been processed, it remains in its composition. When people eat these kinds of food, they in turn absorb these chemicals. But with organic food, the people are spared of this endeavor. They are likewise given the opportunity to live nightlong. The third benefit, and most probably one of the most important, of organic food is rather for the long term consequences. When chemicals ar e used to push produce to grow faster and bigger, these are also absorbed by the soil. When other crops are planted in the same area, these will also absorb the chemicals.The soil will continue to be contaminated unless unused for a long tip of time. On the other hand, organic produce does not make use any kind of chemicals. The soil will be contaminant free. It likewise promotes biological diversity, as mentioned by an article from the website Medical wellness Association. Some of the chemicals they expose to the environment harms more than the pests they want to remove. Non-Organic On the other hand, non-organic food also has its own benefits. This category of food refers to products, both crop and livestock, which have been enhanced by scientific advances.Its size, taste and quantity has been changed so that it is bigger, tastier, and more. Since these are enhanced products, it has been assumed that these are also better. It is not about finding means of making a profit. It is about trying to find answers as man surpasses what is. It is not creation, just now intervention. It was intentional to primarily make more for the hungry. With the help of technology, non-organic food is also able to reap the following benefits (1) longer shelf life and better flavor, (2) it is relatively cheaper due to how it was produced, and (3) it could be the answer to world hunger.In certain parts of the world, the climate and technology prohibits some people from being able to store food for a long period of time. But with the help of advanced technology, they are given more than an opportunity. They were given an answer. In relation to the enhanced flavor, perhaps that is just an added benefit to the storage. With this advancement, individuals are able to have a sizeable meal with just opening a can or heating a pack in a microwave. It has become a matter of convenience. Since non-organic food is also produced in great numbers, it becomes relatively cheaper than organic food.The process is easier and significantly takes a shorter time in manufacturing. With cheaper food, more people are able to grease ones palms them. Especially in third world countries, availing food should be able to fit into their daily budget. In some countries, where a lot of people are at the brink of extreme poverty, it is important that they are provided with food with reasonable prices. In this light, with the above mentioned benefits of non-organic food, perhaps it has become the answer to world hunger. The world is acquire over populated, and there is less food for everyone. There is food crisis simultaneously in different nations.On top of that, famine and drought in certain countries even forbade their people to even try to plant crops or raise livestocks. Some are dying because of hunger or illnesses brought by it. But because there are crops and livestock that are easily produced in great numbers, it could be that they will be able to finally give a spark to the ho pe of many hungry people. Organic products sometimes take too long to grow or produce that the prise of how population increases is not matched by the rate these crops and livestocks grow. The Better Option After laying out what each food category can offer, one should be able to find which is better.Organic food is a natural product free from chemicals. It also allows the environment to produce without the influences from synthetic substances that could be potentially harmful in the long run. On the other hand, non-organic food has longer shelf life and better taste. It is also relatively cheaper from the former category. More importantly, it silently declares to answer world hunger. Unfortunately, even if non-organic food presents a lot of promises to the people and the economy, organic food is whitewash the better option. Feeding the people with non-organic food does not assure the extension of their lives than when they go hungry.Perhaps when they are fed, they will be able t o survive. But they should not depend on it. When the chemicals get accumulated in their systems, it could result to terminal illnesses, like cancer. Yes, the growing population is being fed satisfactory amounts. However, what purpose does it reply when more harm is done? It harms not only the people, but also the environment. Even when the people get to eat, if the earth gets damaged due to these chemicals and residues, what will be left to the people? They are not hungry, but the inevitability of their choice will cope, and then devastation.

Dream Interpretation (Jung vs. Freud) Essay Example for Free

Dream Interpretation (Jung vs. Freud) EssayThere is thusly a point where Freud and Jung would agree and take issue as to the interpretation of the vocalisationicular dream. For Freud dreams is a conscious verbal expression of our fantasies or wishes that is not available when one is awake. It means that for Freud, dreams are implicationful. On the other hand, Jung thinks the reverse of what Freud believed. He considers dreams as expression of the unconscious psychic process. However, obviously they both believed that the images in dreams have a meaning and values of its own for the dreamer. For Freud, the dreamer images are perhaps representing the dreamers early childhood wishes or those that one longs for long times but have never have it. Thus, he sees it as a rapture of desires. But for Jung, dreams are simply a cancel mirror image of the unconscious, which means that it is just natural for any one to dream suggesting that it is possible also to see the image that one regularly is open to. In the given dream, both Freud and Jung would agree that dream has a meaning of its own.Freud might agree that near of the images in the dream could be interpreted simply as product of natural manifestation of the unconscious since they are all imaginative except of the image of his go and the dreamers longing for the mothers warmth. The point of agreement was that the nature of the dream could be interpreted as both a mere product of the unconscious psychic processes of Jung and it can also be interpreted as satisfaction of desires in view of the longing for the mothers warmness amidst the coldness the dreamer felt.However, they would certainly disagree in the interpretation of its meaning. Jung will certainly interpret this dream simply as natural manifestation of the unconscious in view of the images which are mere fantasies. The image of the mother could just be part of the natural psychic process and nothing more. But Freud will interpret it as a token of longings for relationship, perhaps for family which is not accessible in the real life.

Pharaphrasing the Purple Hibiscus Essay Example for Free

Pharaphrasing the Purple Hibiscus evidenceKambili and Jaja both come of time in Purple Hibiscus as a result of their experiences. The book opens with Jaja rebelling against his near Catholic father by skipping communion on Palm Sunday, an important religious holiday. The following chapters expatiate the events that culminate in Jajas defiance. The book is narrated by Kambili three years after this incident. Since she has been stunted by the severe punishments of her father, Kambili b arly treats. Her narration is striking because it dirty dog be concluded that she finds her own voice passim this ordeal. Both Kambili and Jaja fulfil steps towards adulthood by overcoming adversity and being receptive to new thoughts. kick downstairs of growing up is building your own identity by choosing which paths to follow. In Enugu, the solo path Kambili and Jaja argon every(prenominal)owed to follow is pascal. He writes out schedules and severely punishes them when they stray. Wh en Kambili and Jaja visit their Aunty Ifeoma in Nsukka, they are astonished by what they find.Though her home is small and devoid of luxuries, on that point is love and respect. Her children Amaka and Obiora are allowed to question authority and conduct their own paths. Obiora, though he is three years younger than Jaja, is articulate and protective. He has been initiated into Igbo culture by per working a rite of globehood. Jaja was non allowed to participate and is ashamed that he is lagging behind his cousin. In Nsukka, Jaja is encouraged to rethink his allegiances and make his own decisions. Aunty Ifeoma encourages Kambili to reconsider her stance on public address system-Nnukwu. As she has been taught by pascal, her grandfather is a heathen. But when she searches his face, she fulfils no signs of godliness. After witnessing his innocence ritual, Kambili questions the absolute rule of her father. Both Kambili and Jaja take major steps towards adulthood by claiming their i ndividuality.ReligionThere is a contrast between obtain Benedict and Father Amadi. Priest at sodas beloved St. Agnes, Father Benedict is a white man from England who conducts his masses according to European custom. daddy adheres to Father Benedicts style, banishing every(prenominal) trace of his own Nigerian heritage. Papa uses his combine to justify abusing his children. Religion al ane is not to blame. Papa re empowers the wave of fundamentalism in Nigeria that corrupts organized religion. Father Amadi, on the other hand, is an African priest who bl abates Catholicism with Igbo traditions. He believes that faith is both simpler and more complex than what Father Benedict preaches. Father Amadi is a youthful African man who is culturally-conscious further influenced by the colonial history of his countrified. He is not a moral absolutist comparable Papa and his God. Religion, when wielded by someone gentle, can be a positive force, as it is in Kambilis life. Papa-Nnukwu is a traditionalist.He follows the rituals of his ancestors and believes in a pantheistic model of religion. Though both his son and young woman converted to Catholicism, Papa-Nnukwu held on to his roots. When Kambili witnesses his morning ritual, she realizes that their faiths are not as different as they appear. Kambilis faith extends beyond the boundaries of one religion. She revels in the beauty of nature, her family, her prayer, and the Bible. When she witnesses the miracle at Aokpe, Kambilis devotion is confirmed. Aunty Ifeoma agrees that God was present even though she did not see the apparition. God is all around Kambili and her family, and can take the form of a smile. The individualistic nature of faith is explored in Purple Hibiscus. Kambili tempers her devotion with a reverence for her ancestors. Jaja and Amaka end up rejecting their faith because it is inexorably linked to Papa and colonialism, respectively.ColonialismColonialism is a complex topic in Nigeria. For Papa-N nukwu, colonialism is an wicked force that enslaved the Igbo people and eradicated his traditions. For Papa, colonialism is responsible for his access to higher education and grace. For Father Amadi, it has resulted in his faith but he sees no reason that the old and new ways cant coexist. Father Amadi represents modern Nigeria in the global world. Papa is a product of a colonialist education. He was schooled by missionaries and studied in English. The wisdom he takes back to Nigeria is largely informed by those who have colonized his country. He abandons the traditions of his ancestors and chooses to speak primarily in British-accented English in public. His large estate is filled with western luxuries like air TV and music.Amaka assumes that Kambili follows American pop stars while she listens to musicians who embrace their African heritage. But the trappings of Papas success are hollow. The children are not allowed to watch television. His home, modernized up to Western standar ds, is for appearances only. There is emptiness in his home just as his accent is falsified in front of whites. Over the course of the novel, both Kambili and Jaja must come to terms with the lingering after-effects of colonialism in their own lives. They both adjust to life extraneous their fathers grasp by embracing or accepting traditional ways.Nigerian political scienceBoth Kambili and the nation are on the cusp of frolictic changes. The political climate of Nigeria and the internal drama of the Achike family are intertwined. After Nigeria declared independence from Britain in 1960, a cycle of godforsaken coups and military despotism led to civil war, which led to a new cycle of bloody unrest. Even democracy is hindered by the wide-spread corruption in the government. In Purple Hibiscus, on that point is a coup that culminates in military rule. Papa and his paper, the Standard, are critical of the corruption that is ushered in by a leader who is not elected by the people. Ironically, Papa is a self- arighteous dictator in his own home. He is wrathful towards his children when they stray from his elect path for them. In the wake of Ade Cokers death, Papa beats Kambili so severely she is hospitalized in critical condition.Both in Nigeria and in the home, violence begets violence. Kambili and Jaja are kept away from the unrest at first. They witness protests, deadly roadblocks, and harassment from the safety of their car. But when they arrive in Nsukka, they are thrust into political debate. Obiora says the university is a microcosm for Nigeria ruled by one man with all the power. Pay has been withheld from the professors and light and power are shut off frequently. Medical workers and technicians go on strike and food prices rise. There are rumors that the doctor administrator is misdirecting funds intended for the university. This is a parallel to what is happening in the country at large. Kambili and Jaja straight understand firsthand the struggl e of their cousins. The personal becomes political, and vice versa.SilenceSeveral characters are gripped with gloss over end-to-end the novel. Kambili suffers the most, unable to speak more than rehearsed platitudes without st conveying or coughing. Her silence is a product of the call that she endures at the give of her father. Kambili does not allow herself to tell the truth about her situation at home. When her classmates taunt her for being a backyard snob, she does not explain that she does not socialize out of fear. She is not allowed to dally after school lest she be late and beaten. She finally learns how to speak her mind when she is taunted continuously be her cousin Amaka. Aunty Ifeoma encourages her to defend herself and only then can Amaka and Kambili begin their assistantship. Kambili begins to speak more confidently, laugh and even sing. The titles of the second and fourth percentage are Speaking With Our Spirits and A Different Silence.Kambili and Jaja communic ate through their eyes, not able to utter the ugly truth of their situation. mama, like her daughter, cannot speak freely in her own home. Only with Aunty Ifeoma can she behave authentically. The silence that falls upon Enugu after Papa is murdered is, as the title suggests, different. There is desperation to this silence like the one that existed when Papa was alive. But it is an honest silence. mom and Kambili know the truth and there is nothing more that can be said. Jajas silence betrays a hardness that has taken observe of him in prison.There is nothing he can say that will end the torment he experiences. The tapes that Aunty Ifeoma sends with her childrens voices are the only respite he has. Silence is excessively used as punishment. When Kambili and Jaja arrive in Nsukka for Easter, Jaja refuses to speak to his father when he calls. After the years of silence that he has compel upon his children, they use it as a weapon against him. The government to a fault silences Ad e Coker by murdering him after he prints a damning story in the Standard. When soldiers raid Aunty Ifeomas flat, they are trying to silence her sympathies with the rioting students through intimidation. Silence is a type of violence.Domestic ViolenceOn several occasions, Papa beats his wife and children. Each time, he is provoked by an action that he deems immoral. When Mama does not want to visit with Father Benedict because she is ill, Papa beats her and she miscarries. When Kambili and Jaja share a home with a heathen, boiling water is poured on their feet because they have walked in sin. For owning a painting of Papa-Nnukwu, Kambili is kicked until she is hospitalized. Papa rationalizes the violence he inflicts on his family, saying it is for their own candid. The beatings have rendered his children mute. Kambili and Jaja are both wise beyond their years and besides not allowed to reach adulthood, as maturity often comes with questioning authority. When Ade Coker jokes that hi s children are too quiet, Papa does not laugh. They have a fear of God. Really, Kambili and Jaja are afraid of their father. Beating them has the opposite effect. They choose the right path because they are afraid of the repercussions.They are not encouraged to grow and to succeed, only threatened with misery when they do not. This takes a toll on Jaja especially, who is ashamed that he is so far behind Obiora in both intelligence and protecting his family. He ends up equating religion with punishment and rejects his faith. There is an vestigial sexism at work in the abuse. When Mama tells Kambili she is pregnant, she mentions that she miscarried several times after Kambili was born. Within the write up of the novel, Mama loses two pregnancies at Papas hands.The other miscarriages may have been caused by these beatings as well. When she miscarries, Papa makes the children say special novenas for their mothers forgiveness. Even though he is to blame, he insinuates it is Mamas faul t. Mama believes that she cannot exist outside of her marriage. She dismisses Aunty Ifeomas ideas that life begins after marriage as university talk. Mama has not been liberated and withstands the abuse because she believes it is just. Ultimately, she poisons Papa because she can see no other way out. The abuse has repressed her to the point that she must resort to murder to escape.Nature/EnvironmentThe books namesake prime of life is a representation of freedom and go for. Jaja is drawn to the unusual purple hibiscus, bred by a botanist friend of Aunty Ifeoma. Aunty Ifeoma has created something new by bringing the natural world together with intelligence. For Jaja, the flower is hope that something new can be created. He longs to break free of his Papas rule. He takes a stalk of the purple hibiscus home with him, and plants it in their garden. He also takes home the insight he learns from Nsukka. As both blossom, so too do Jaja and his rebellion. Kambilis shifting attitudes towar d nature signify her stage of transformation. During one of the first times she showers at Nsukka, Kambili finds an earthworm in the tub. Rather than coexisting with it, she removes it to the toilet. When Father Amadi takes her to have her vibrissa plaited, she watches a determined snail repeatedly crawl out of a basket. She identifies with the snail as she has tried and true to crawl out of Enugu and her fate.Later, when she bathes with water scented with the sky, she leaves the worm alone. She acknowledges that God can be found anywhere and she appreciates its determination. In the opening of the book, Kambili daydreams while looking at the several fruit and flower trees in her yard. This equivalent yard, a signifier of wealth, leaves her open for taunts of snob at school. But here she fixates on the beauty of the trees. When she returns from Nsukka after her mother has miscarried, Kambili is sickened by the rotting tree fruit. The rot symbolizes the sickness in the Achike hou sehold but also that Kambili is seeing her home with new eyes. Like the trees, she is trapped behind tall walls. Weather also plays a role in the novel.When Ade Coker dies, there are heavy rains. After Palm Sunday, a violent wind uproots several trees and makes the satellite dish crash to the ground. Rain and wind reflect the drama that unfolds in the Achikes lives. Mama tells Kambili that a mixture of rain and sun is Gods indecision on what to bring. unspoilt as there can be both rain and sun at the same time, there are good and evil intertwined. In nature, Kambili gleans that there are no absolutes. Papa is neither all good or all bad, her faith does not have to be either Catholic or traditionalist, and she can challenge her parents while still being a good child.* 1-310-919-0950* Log In * business firm Up*1) Five major issues explored in purple hibiscus are domestic violence, oppression, religion, education and love. 2a) Adichie uses a narrative point of glance to explore the theme of domestic violence. The book is narrated in the first person by a 15 year old who is directly affected by domestic violence. Because of her young age she is quiet honest and this allows her to paint a great picture to the consultation of the brutal abuse that Eugene bestows upon his family. This is as a result of her sensitive, intelligent and observant nature. 2b) Oppression is explored through narrative point of view. Adichie uses the point of view of Kambili to show the audience how oppressed the country is not only in the Achike household but the total of Nigeria. Again Kambilis honesty and good descriptions help to give the readers an idea as of how oppressed the country and Eugenes household really is.2c) Adichie uses narrative point of view to explore the theme of religion. She uses this because Kambili the narrator is exposed to different kinds of religion, such as, fanatic Catholics, liberated Catholics and Traditionalists. Again, it is Kambilis observant nature t hat helps to give the readers a good idea of what all of the practices are like. Kambilis narration is also used to show the great advert that religion has on life.2d) Education is also explored through narration. In the narration Kambili has an encounter with her father and Kambilis fathers past gives us an idea of how important he thinks education is. 2e) Love is also explored through narration. Although Kambili is a 15 year old through her narration we are able to see that she loves father Amadi. The love however is immature in because they have known each other for a very short time. Although the love narrated is not very mature it is still love. Adichie uses narration to show the audience that Kambili is in love and Adichie uses her narration to give us some hints of this love. 3a) Adichie bring out continues

US Electoral Process Essay Example for Free

US electoral Process EssayOne may be surprised to realize that in the elections of 1876, 1888 and 2000, the prognosiss who won the comprehensive popular choose went on to lose the United States Presidential vote. This may cause one to doubtfulness whether the electoral process is indeed democratic. Democracy was derived from the Greek word demos defined basically as the political science in which the supreme power is vested in the people or simply as President Abraham capital of Nebraska defined it the government of the people, by the people, for the people. Therefore, if popular vistas atomic number 18 forced by the system to be the losers, the electoral process of the United States undermines democracy. Mayors, Senators and members of the House of Representatives are voted in forthwith by the people but the worry arises in the presidential elections where the people vote for the elector who has pledged to represent a certain candidate. from each one state chooses a num ber of representatives that are referred to as the Electoral College the number being stated in the constitution and determined by the population of each state.A good example is California that has 55 electoral votes while Utah has only five. In many States, if one wins the popular vote, he or she is assigned all the delegates even though he has worn by only one vote. This is stiff However, few states allocate delegates to presidential candidates proportional to the popular vote that they get. This means that a presidential candidate can win in many of the smaller States but get less votes than the winning candidate in the States with more delegates.Therefore, in the overall count he or she will lose. This explains why Al Gore lost to President George Walker Bush though the former had won the popular vote in the year 2000. When a Gallup poll was conducted later, 83% of those interviewed said that they never accepted Bush as the legitimate president. The other short fall with the pr ocess is that while the President and the viciousness President reign over for four years, Congressmen serve for two years and Senators for six. This means that much money and time is lost in the election period.The President and the Vice President, just like the other leaders should be voted in directly by the people . The candidate who gets the majority votes becomes the President with his or her running mate becoming the Vice president. The terms of service for all the political leaders should expire after the same duration. This would mean that elections are held on the same day, saving much money used for the purchase ballot materials and the hiring of election officers every time the elections are held. Time used in voting will also be saved, as people will vote for all leaders at the same time.

Jungs View of Religion Essay Example for Free

Jungs military position of Religion EssayI w mischievously be explaining Jung understands and his views of religion. Jung first starts with the key concept of the mind which is the tercet concepts of assuredness consciousness, someoneal swoon and the collective consciousness. Consciousness is where we actively make decisions and choices. The thoughts atomic number 18 based on a sensory lie with e. g. the things we see, smell, hear, touch and taste. These be directly accessible. The personal conscious is out thoughts, feelings, urges which are difficult to bring to the consciousness and they are not directly accessible. They have been environmentally determined.The collective unconsciousness is geted and the thoughts are shared by everyone archetypes ( geted ideas first grades or partners that conformation the basic blue print for major dynamic counterparts of the human personality. ) Jung believes that the archetypes pre exist in the collective unconscious of huma nity. They determine how we both dig and behave. Archetypes are the source of the ideas or images that is inherited instead of the ideas themselves. The go outs you have construct/create uniform images. We inherit a functional disposition to produce the same or very similar ideas not inherit the idea.This is the reason for a dream dictionary, for mannequin a person could be dreaming that their friend is falling. So the falling is the image drawn from the archetype and the friend is from their experience. So the collective unconscious means that many a(prenominal) of our ideas will be shared with people. There are different types of shared archetype examples are the person this is the mask that covers out true natures for the benefit of society. The mask could be good impressions of what is expected of us by others or the false impression to manipulate others behaviour and opinions.In our dreams the may manifest itself in images of ourselves look at a party in disguise. The sha dow this is our darker sides of us. In dreams it might reveal itself in the form of personification of evil e. g. Satan or monster. It could be deeper of our personality identity beings to be lost and individuals experience the chaos of getting closer to the material structure of psychic life. This commonly is found in the woods. The animosity is the masculine side of a female. They may appear as an exotic, sensual, young man or as heroes. The anima is the female side of a male.They may appear as adancing girl, seductresses or goddess. Jung believes that the mood neuroses(mental illness is caused by being psychically im fit) occurs is that it arises from being psychically imbalanced (so we become mentally ill if the when the psychic energy psychological energy by which the work of the personality is performed isnt flowing as well as it could. To maintain mental health all of the features of the personality need to be balanced so the psychic flows properly. There needs to be a b alance between conscious and unconscious and the different archetype. If you fail to do this according to Jung this causes a mental disorder.Jung says through individuation (figuring out who you are and becoming your own self) you become psychically balanced personality through the addition of the range of archetypes into the conscious personality. There are two main process of individuation the first part is when they come to harm with the outer environment with its challenges through work, friendship and relationship. The second part is from a oculus age forward is to come to terms with ones own personality. For example a mid-life crisis, this is when someone is in the middle of their life they want what they never had in their youth age e.g. a sports car.They want to become psychically balanced as they missed out when they was youths. The things that come from the archetype such as images or thoughts are considered to be religious. Jung redefines religious thought as the numin ous. This relies on Rudolf Ottos understanding of the religious or numinous experience. According to Ottos a numinous experience affects our consciousness which is caused by something external to our consciousness. Any experience which is archetypal in origin can be stated as religious. All archetypal images are ineffable (indescribable) .Our images of god are themselves archetypal. The concept of god is one of these primordial images (an archetype). Everyone is born with the tendency to find religious images of god and angels . the developed image that we have of god are through our experiences in the initiation. An example of a case study is where Miss Miller had a dream about a moths desire for light. Jung said this parallel between god and light can be found in countless religious traditions e. g. the Aztec preoccupation with the sun and the Christian view of Jesus as light of the world. The role of religion is the process of individuation.The two reasons he gave was the self archetype this guides and controlled the innate process of individuation. individualization is a religious process. The second reason is the self archetype generates images of wholeness. For example the mandala means circle and is perfectly balanced, the design is symmetrical which represents the balance and wholeness same with Islamic art instead the repetitive patterns to fancy his eternality. Jung argues that god images are beneficial to our health. The images are used by the mind to individuate the personality, the personality then achieve its goal of integration.Religion now becomes clear, the ones that reject religion are therefore less probable to individuate successfully and is most likely to experience neurosis as a result. Jung concludes that the existence of an actual god is similar to Freuds there is no proof either way. We dont make do where the archetype actually comes from and we dont know the origin of the-psyche because there are ineffable. As a psychic real ity god is real to those who experience the effect of archetypes. Jung always considered religious beliefs to be a natural expression of the collective unconscious.

The effects of power Essay Example for Free

The effects of world-beater tryThe power of pith and the focusing although different in record both affects the outcome of a negotiation. The power of the union is based on numbers whereas power exercised by trouble is power conferred upon it by the nature of the strain. In negotiations, on that point is always a point of equilibrium where both parties ar going to profit from the exchange and which is the virtually profit adapted point for both parties. However, this point of equilibrium shadower be manipulated into travel towards either side by the power the two parties possess. The effects of the power exercised management and the power exercised by the union during negotiations differ as to the situation or the environment, when the company is involved in a business that requires highly technical employees, the union will probably have a stronger bargaining power than the management especially since the workers are under short supply. In cases where the management is required to face-off with a union that is composed of low-skilled employees and the situs of the company is abundant on such resource, then management will be able to steer the negotiations towards the direction that is most favorable to it.Balancing of power Balancing of power can be equated as the power of both parties negating each other and thus ending in a allege of equilibrium wherein both parties have reached the best possible solution to their problems. Balancing of power can entirely be achieved if both parties assume that mutual gains are possible, and should non assume that one party must(prenominal) suffer for the other to benefit (McCarthy, 1991). Balancing of power is important because it is in this state that both parties are benefited without sacrificing too much of their demands. There are several ways to maintain this balance of power and stay its abuse. One tactic is to understand others interests, another is to analyze the sources of power available to a ll parties but not being paralyzed by it, another tactic is to consider other options making your position flexile thus reducing the risk of the other party easily influencing or manipulating you, and also, you must understand your personalized style, your own strengths and weaknesses to know what you are capable of and protect oneself from the other partys bluffs (Kochan, 2005).Power everywhere employment locating Power that is normally exercised by management is the power over the employment status of an employee. Although several state policies and internal company policies are aimed to prevent the abuse of this power when dealing with several(prenominal) workers, it is still commonplace that management easily manipulates the lowly worker into succumbing to its wishes under the pressures of losing his or her job. It is because of this power that there can be no effective communication in the midst of a worker and management in conflict situations. When entering into conflic t negotiations, the ideal state is that the parties are on equal footing, however, there can be no equality when the other party has control over your livelihood. Regardless of this power that management holds, the lowly worker can seek redress from the courts on grounds of equity. Courts knowing the imbalance between the two parties are more inclined to rule in favor of the lowly worker presumptuousness there is sufficient basis. Because of this fear of litigation and the prospect of losing more money in the long run, most companies are now shifting towards justice and fairness in conflict resolutions. As a progeny of fact, Eighty-three percent of corporate executives report the fear of a lawsuit affects their decisions (Hubert, 1998) and tend to do what is equitable.ReferencesHubert, Denise V.M. (1998). The prototypal Step in Alternative Dispute Resolution Fact-Finding. Retrieved January 27, 2008, from http//www.management-advantage.com/newsletr/jul98.htmKochan, Tom (2005). Neg otiations and Conflict Management Basic Concepts surmise and Practice. Retrieved January 27, 2008, from http//ocw.mit.edu/NR/rdonlyres/Sloan-School-of-Management/15-668Fall-2005/F06D4B27-6A22-4FDD-9449-B2664318C7C4/0/lecture_12.pdfMcCarthy, William (1991). The Role of Power and Principle in Getting to Yes. Retrieved January 27, 2008, from http//www.colorado.edu/conflict/peace/problem/mcca7535.htm

Public Transport Essay Example for Free

Public Transport EssayPublic displace can be define as a system of vehicles such as buses and trains, which operate at regular times on obdurate routes and argon used by the mankind. In Malaysia, the number of vehicle on the road has been increase in every year. It shows that the public now is affordable to have at least a motorcycle as their daily air rather than use the public transport. The public should not use the public transport because the risk of being the criminal victim volition increase the people need to wait a long time for the public transport and the public cannot have comfort in their journey to their destination. Firstly, the disadvantages of employ public transport are the risk of being the criminal victim is high .Many criminal teddy is being reported is causes when the public utilize this kind of transport. Raped and snatch crime is the most roughhewn cases that causes by the public transport. As example, when a woman used the public transport such a s bus lonely, she will sit beside someone that she does not know the background, behavior or its intention to her. It is too dangerous when a person in a crowded train, many people around her will take advantage to snatch her wallet unconsciously.In addition, when using the public transport, people cannot have a comfortable journey to their destination. Some of the public transport such as bus is usually foul and smelly. It will make the passenger uncomfortable due to that condition instead they using their proclaim political machine .Beside that, when there is too much passenger in a train or bus , it is unrealistic to have a seat although they pay same fare as well as early(a) people. Some special people such as disabled person and old folks may be treated bad when they are in the public transport.Moreover, the disadvantages of using public transport are the people need to wait for a long time to have a bus or train. People will waste their time during they waiting for the public transport instead they used their own transport to go whenever they desired anytime. As example, when a person is having an emergency such as ending in the family while he using a public transport, it will be take a long time for him to reach his destination on the time.However, there is an advantage when using the public transport in which it will prevent the environment from pollution such as air or land. Furthermore, when using the public transport, the traffic jam in a city also can be burn at the same time because the causes of the traffic jam is when there is too much vehicle debut the city. When there is too much vehicle, the percentage or risk of an accident to occur is also high.As the conclusion, the usage of public transport is more contribute to the disadvantages to us. People should emphasize and realize that when they using the public transport ,risk of being the criminal victim will increased , the people need to wait a long time for the public transport and the public cannot have comfort in their journey to their destination.

Quantitative Research Essay Example for Free

valued Research EssayIntroduction Quantitative inquiry has been a numeric representation as rise as manipulation of the observations for the objective about describing and explaining phenomena, which these observations reflect (Babbie, 2007). This has been employ in lot of natural as well as societal sciences, which includes biology, physics, sociology, psychology as well as geology. Research sick where numerical inquiry would be most appropriate Research is an orderly investigating of the subject matter for aim of adding to the knowledge.With-in realm of the educational planning, several things beget been always changing want structures of education systems, curriculums as well as text-books, mode of teaching, techniques of teachers training, amount as well as kind of provision to the schools alike science laboratory, furniture, text-books, class-room supply, and so on. Widely used way to discriminate educational search study is for defining different kinds of res earch according to the types of information which they give. There drop been several kinds of education research studies as well as there have been number of ways, in which they can be classified.The studies can be classified according to the topic where-by specific phenomena which have creation investigated ar used for grouping the studies. In the research on hassles have been concerned with the educational planning, study educational research question may be subsumed under the three duodecimal research techniques like correlational, descriptive as well as causal. So in the education planning numerical research would be most appropriate Quantitative research usually uses techniques that are adopted from physical sciences, which have been figure of speeched towards ensuring the reliability, generalizability as well as objectivity.Such techniques include the techniques in which the research participants have been selected unity by atomic number 53 from study population in t he un-biased manner, standardize questionnaire or the intervention that they receive as well as statistical techniques used for testing the pre-determined hypotheses in regard to births in between finical variables. Researchers have been considered external towards actual research as well as results have been expected so as to be replicable no matter which has conducted a research.Strengths of a quantitative paradigm have been that their techniques bring forth reliable as well as quantifiable data, which have been often generalizable towards little large population. Quantitative measures have been usually much proper to conduct the requirements assessments and for evaluations comparing the results with a baseline data. Five quantitative methods There have been different kinds of quantitative research. For example they may have been classified as the take after research, descriptive, correlational research, causal relative research as well as experimental research. All the meth ods are having their own typical features.Survey Survey has been defined as the technique about collecting the standardized information by interviewing the representative sample about certain population. In many cases the surveys includes direct get to with a population in the investigations (Chanimal, 1996). Descriptive Descriptive research includes collecting the data so as to test the hypotheses and answer the questions relating to the present status of subjects of a study. Correlational Correlational research determines if and to what degree the family prevails in between 2 as well as more quantifiable variables.Cause comparative Causal comparative research often establishes cause-effect kin as well as it also compares relationship however cause might not manipulated, like gender. Experimental Experimental research usually establishes cause-effect relationship as well as does a comparison however cause has been manipulated. Cause, is the independent variable which makes a di fference. Effect, is the dependent variable which is based on independent variable. Most appropriate method Survey research has been general in studies of the health as well as health services.Term survey has been used in lot of methods however often it refers to a selection of the much larger sample of the tribe by the pre determined population, which is followed through collection of the much smaller amount of the data by these individuals. thusly researcher uses information by the sample about individuals towards making few inferences about a wider population. commonplace problem with the quantitative methodologies Situation in which the quantitative research might fail is if we are free to explore the problem in a depth.Any quantitative research has been good in openhanded the information in breadth by the larger no. of units. However, if we are uncoerced to explore the problem as well as concept in a depth, the quantitative methods have too shallow. For real getting in t he phenomenon, we are required to go for the ethnographic techniques, the interviews, in depth case studies as well as other qualitative methods. Recommendations for fixing a problem What if we have been doing when we are willing to look at two the breadth as well as the depth, or at both the causality and the meaning?In such situations, this has been best for using the so called the mixed technique design in that we uses both the quantitative for instance, the questionnaire as well as the qualitative for instance, no. of the case studies techniques. obscure technique research has been a flexible approach in which research design has been determined through what we require finding out than through any pre-determined epistemological positions. In the mixed technique research, the quantitative or the qualitative components may pre-dominate or both may have the equal status. Possible to prance the Quantitative MethodologiesIntegrating the quantitative research techniques lends the d epth as well as clarity towards the social selling programs. The combination of approaches has been compulsory due to the wide range about the data required to catch the effective communications. But potential for the problems prevails while attempting towards combining a divergent research paradigm one can end up through not doing either kind of the research well. Such an combinative approach thus needs the research team with an expertise in both kinds of techniques. Using the so many approaches may also be very time consuming, lot much labor intensive as well as expensive.Other obstacle that would probably change as the social marketing gains in the usage has been that combining the multiple techniques has been still not accepted lot much as the viable research strategy, minimum in the main-stream of the public health circles. Conclusion To conclude, this paper describes the research project in which the quantitative research might be most appropriate. There have been different kinds of quantitative research. For example, they have been classified as the survey research, correlational research, experimental research and causal comparative research as well as descriptive.

Theories of Social Inequality Essay Example for Free

Theories of Social Inequality EssayKarl Marxs possibleness to explain affectionate inequality is base on the unequal socio-economic score of resources between two groups bourgeoisie and the childbed, or the wealthy/business owners and the laborers. fit to Marx, the bourgeoisie have the m atomic number 53tary power to gain economical resources, as they own the businesses where the proletariat essential work to gain money to survive. The bourgeoisie maintains this position by paying the proletariat just overflowing to provide for his or her basic ask of survival. Marx states that the bourgeoisie create the social rules, cultural values and norms, and the proletariat goes along with it. This idea is the primer coat for what Marx calls, false consciousness, which is the idea that the system is working and there is no reason out to change it because the proletariat banks that one day he will become the bourgeoisie this false hope is what keeps social inequality in a perpe tual cycle. Marx believed that social inequality can be pertinacious through the abolishment of capitalism altogether. He suggested that this could be made possible if the proletariat would stand up and revolt, and rise up against capitalism by refusing to work and sell their very valuable labor, which the bourgeoisie needs in order to survive.Marx did not see social inequality as inevitable, un equivalent Max Weber. The basis for Webers theory can be found in Karl Marxs theory, but takes it a step further and breaks the social structure up even more. According to Max Webers theory behind social inequality, there ar three major components that play into creating an unequal division in society social stratum, military position in society, and political parties. Each group directly relates to one another, although they are not all the same thing. Weber contends that social classes are divided because of certain lifestyles or opportunities that are given to a person.If a person is born into a wealthy family, he or she is automatically provided with a lifestyle that will propel him or her into success through money and/or properties, which inevitably creates an opportunity for power. This demonstrates how money and power clearly shapes classes. Classes do not always make up communities though. Communities are shaped by social place, which is one thing that Weber is clear about. Social status is defined by the opportunity for a wealthy lifestyle. The main difference between status and class is that of the value system within each of the groups.Through a lifestyle that one lives, ideals and values are developed, which creates ones political stance. Political parties are a direct reflection of the pattern that creates class and social status. They are all intermingled class determines social status, which shapes ideals within a political party. Weber makes a strong argument that social stratification is inevitable or guaranteed because lifestyles (which you are born into) create status groups and once those are established, over a period of time, the people accept them as status quo. once a standard of life is set, it is rarely moved. Karl Marx theory behind social inequality is most compelling. It explains that social inequality, which is detrimental to so many, can be resolved. His theory gives hope for resolution and even offers a externalize of action to do so, yet there have been little done by those who feel like they are oppressed by the unjust division of resources to rise up and change the system which oppresses them. Marx theory is timeless and continues to speak to those issues which are seen in todays society.

Penang Mutiara Essay Example for Free

Penang Mutiara EssaySpeedSpeed mode do amour fast. Speed means fast chemical reaction to requirements of away customers or immature conditions, speedy decision reservation and speedy movement of materials and information inside the operation. Its benefit are Speed reduces inventories reducing i inventories mean increasing the utilization of rooms and restaurant, that fast cleaning and preparing the available rooms and dinner tables for external customers adds revenue for organization, and improving the efficient of working. Speed adds flexibility fast response adds the capability for trading operations to the flexibility dealing with urgent things. Speed adds dependability fast delivering for the latest information among some other department of operations, much(prenominal) as the newest customer entrance information, available room information, adds the dependability for distributively internal operations coordination and communication.DependabilityDependability means do things on time. Dependability means well management and coordination with each operation ensuring other process. are reliable, such as delivering right material or information on time, correct foreseeing and planning the facilities, reorder and workforce. It leads to more than(prenominal) effective operation. It effectively arranging the facilities, information, material, workforce, money and time to gibe all of them can be available at any time, saves the time to wait or to gestate for the other substitutes. Dependability arrangement reduces the chance of repeating input resources or some resources leaving bracing increasing the cost of maintain or store fee, or push cost.FlexibilityFlexibility means change what you do. It means according different requirements or things to fast handle with, making change or decisions , flexibility arranging and coordinating operations work. Flexibility saves resources can prevent unnecessarily repeating planning, spending, and use resources such as time, money, workforce, to follow the traditional ways to do things done. Flexibility increase speed of response being able to give fast service for customers depends on the operation being flexible. Flexible operations speedily transfer extra skilled staff and equipment to the urgent conditions and emergencies will provide the service with other customers needs. woodlandQuality means doing things right. For Mutiara, quality means consistently producing undefiled services, using top-class and durable materials to create the right impression and environment, and anticipating and preventing all potential problems in advance. It is benefit to conciliate life easier inside the operation. Good quality leads to stable and efficient processes that less geological fault, easy for coordination for matching the warning of processes, dependable and advance equipments and marionettes to use adds dependability for internal customer. It reduces cost for Mutiara due t o it is fewer the chance to authorize mistakes. Redoing or correcting mistakes, or to reducing confusion or irritation for each people second, it also reduces the labor cost. Dispelling some serious troubles or problem always needs more staff or more time to do it, thus, it results in the labor cost added, such as part-time salary, overtime compensation. The more minimizing mistakes, the more minimize the excess labor costs to pay for doing excess works third, less mistake and using top-class and durable materials also result in saving expenditures such as maintaining fee, cost of materials resulted by mistakes, transporting fees, and other excess expenditures.ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTION Expand its business in other areas to acquire more market shares against other high-class and strong competitors in the whole Asia region, or even in the world. through with(predicate) concession and alliance with other business such as tour companies, ocean safari ancestor park, movie compan ies, golf or car club, complete set of hotel industry which is gathering tour, amusement, business and remainder together. Upgrade technology such as wireless internet, website, including introduction of hotel services, traffic map, resource and promotion information, conflict on line and e-payments Develop marketing strategies to widen up market share, such as offer difference holiday traveling packages, discounts and loyalty cards. Continues improvement internally by developing Total Quality Management (TQM), Kaizen, and 5S system and ISO standards. Monitor customers feedback by developing centralized customer notification office which conducts satisfaction survey. Offer continual training for staff to improve the standard quality of services, face and Foreign language speaking, handling these new automatic system and internet using. Adding the advertisement through TV, internet, high-income lecturer journal or fashion magazines and newspaper.CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIO NTo conclude, even though Penang Mutiara managed to maintain its competitiveness with their accredited strategy, however it is not sufficient to remain competitiveness due to volatile market demand. Moreover, with the emergence of the worldwide tourism, hospitality industry and globalization with competition from all over the hotel industry, the need to augment existing and new strategies need to be address speedily.In order to compete for business and to keep abreast with stern competition in the hotel industry. The hotels management should strengthen their marketing and operation strategies as a tool in increasing market share, prioritizing in developing website and upgrade the hotel facilities. Performance measurement by monitor feedback and implement quality management. Also adopt proactive approach to enhance and maintain consistency in quality and level of services by conducting staff retrain and upgrading of skills. Reviewing new service standards, conduct regular(a) focu s group studies to predict future customer requirements, minimize and eliminate high employee turnover by taking good care of staff welfare, and exercise job rotation of staff to promote alteration and creativity in the job.

The Impact Of Airline Alliances Tourism Essay

The Impact Of Airline Alliances Tourism EssayAt this moment, there ar three main rail line hose bail bonds around the globe. First of all, Star Alliance, which was created in 1997 and currently consisting of 27 genus Phallus air ducts (Star Alliance, 2012). Second, OneWorld, established in 1999 and presently having 12 ingredients. Last, the youngest airline bond is SkyTeam, formed in 2000 and consists now of 18 appendage airlines (SkyTeam, 2012).In the first chapter of this paper, the impacts of airline alliances on their members allow for be discussed. Second, the beliefs of allied airlines on non-member airlines allow be argued. And finally, the influences of airline alliances on the airdromes they fly at will be explained. In from each one chapter, both positive and contradict influences will be discussed.1. Impacts on member airlinesPositive impacts on member airlinesAirline alliances switch several positive impacts on their member airlines. In this paragraph, thre e examples of positive impacts will be explained.A first positive impact can be found in bringing the airlines cost on dissimilar areas. For instance, when buying aircraft materials for maintenance purposes, member airlines can take down the be cost by purchasing these resources together and may run across bulk discounts. The like counts for the bulk purchase of aircraft. For example, in 2003, four members of Star Alliance intended to bulk purchase up to 200 standardised regional aircraft (Doganis, 2006, p. 93). consort to Doganis (2006), it is estimated that joint purchasing can cut the prices paid by up to seven per penny and eventually reducing the total invoice by up to a billion dollars every socio-economic class (p. 93). Further much, the joint rehearse of other services, for example ground handling or catering facilities, can alike help in reducing airline cost (Bissessur Alamdari, 1998, p. 335).A second positive impact on member airlines can be retrieved in the change magnitude passenger traffic. The cause of this increase is generally caused by the extension of the airlines network by using code-sharing (Bissessur Alamdari, 1998). Code sharing is beneficial for both the selling airline and the operating airline. On the one hand, it is advantageous for the selling airline as it is selling a slate of the operating airline under its own designator code. This means that the selling airline gained access to modernfound markets without having to take to the woods their own aircraft there. On the other hand, the operating airline is likely to carry much passengers on identity card as the tickets are sold through more distribution channels than rather its own.A three positive impact can be found in the area of labour costs. Nowadays, labour costs represent quite a considerable part of an airlines operating cost. As can be seen in table 1.1, wages and associated costs of labour mostly account for 20 to 35 per cent of the airlines total oper ating cost Doganis (2006, p. 119). According to Doganis (2001), labour costs differ more mingled with airlines in the same markets, unlike other costs as ground handling, fuel and drome fees. Iatrou (2004) gives two reasons how an airline alliance could help in reducing labour costs. First, the number of sales and ground personnel could be lessen by sharing offices at bases of another member airline, instead of maintaining its own offices across the globe. Second, it is argued that alliances facilitate member airlines to resort to the low-wage structure of its partners, for example cabin and cockpit crew, without saving on employee quality.Table 1 Wages and associated costs of labour as a percentage of total operating cost, 2002North AmericanEuropean einsteinium Asian/PacificSAS34.4Air France33.5Iberia31.6Delta31.0American30.4United29.0Northwest28.1KLM26.4Continental26.1Cathay PacificUS Airways25.4Air Canada24.7British Airways24.3Lufthansa*23.4SIAJapan AirlinesThaiAll NipponKorea n*Note Lufthansa excludes maintenance staff blood line Doganis (2006, p. 119) ostracise impacts on member airlinesAlthough alliances have several positive effect on member airlines, world in an alliance could also have round negative impact on member airlines. First, it is argued that fighting(a) in an alliance could affect an airlines brand image (Kleymann Serist, 2004). This problem may be triggered by the descriptor of images within the alliance. The informants suggest that it could be possible that an image for an alliance is created that is unlike the image of any of the machine-accessible airlines. However, a concession between the images of the most dominant member airlines is considered to be more likely. Especially for smaller airlines it could be considered to be hard to adapt to the created image of the alliance (p. 120).A second negative effect could be conflicting agreements. Iatrou (2004) explains that it is likely that all alliances members use the same suppl ier. Before an airline accesses to an alliance, it usually has long-standing consanguinity with different suppliers, such as catering, Central Reservation System (CRS) and so on. The airline may comment it difficult to rescind these contracts because of possible penalties as a consequence. Moreover, when an airline agrees on a new supplier, it will very likely have to invest time and money in getting familiarised with the new suppliers and their systems (p. 114). This brings us to a third possible negative effect.Increased costs for an airline could be considered as another probable negative impact on member airlines. Next to the regular subscription fee that a member airline has to pay, Iatrou (2004) mentions the so-called sunk-costs for the airline. These tangible expenses cover all adjustments that have to be made in order to meet the alliances requirements, like the aircraft interior. These investments are to be made to ensure effective alliance trading operations and to ha ve consistent commitment of the member airlines to the alliance. Especially for relatively small airlines, these costs can be seen as a considerable investment, which qualification make them more dependent on the alliance (p. 115-116).2. Impacts on non-member airlines2.1. Positive impacts on non-member airlinesDuring the determination decades, several so called alliances have been formed in the airline industry. According to Stanford-Smith, Chiozza Edin (2002), a strategic alliance can be explained as any form of long-term cooperation between.2.2. Negative impacts on non-member airlinesAs for the negative effects on non-member airlines, the tough competition can be considered as the main one.Bjrk (2002) explains the consequences of competition between allied airlines and non-partner airlines. The author argues that airlines that dominate a hub are likely to receive a greater number of one-armed bandit allowances at their main hubs, which will probably lead to some anti-competi tive concerns. Bjrk continues by giving the example of a measure initiated by the US Department of Transport (DOT) to reduce this anti-competitive situation. First of all, the US DOT has recognised that where service in the market is constrained by slot availability, a hub carrier with access to a large pool of slots has even greater availability to do in entry in an anti-competitive way because the entrant will be unable to add capableness on its own. As a consequence, in order to stimulate competition in some markets, the US DOT has granted a restricted number of slot freedoms to new airlines that wish to compete in that particular market. Regrettably, the approach of the US DOT did not increase the competition in these markets. The reason condition for this was that new players do not find it economically justified to enter into a market which is predominate by a single hub airline in order to participate (Young, 1999). Bjrk (2002) argues that this reasoning can be easily reli ed on the market shares of hub airlines. bode 1 shows the airline market share at capital of The Netherlands Schiphol Airport over 2011. It can be clearly seen that KLM Royal Dutch Airlines (KL) is by far the largest hooker at Schiphol Airport with a market share of nearly 50 per cent. A hub carrier as KLM has created over the years a constant increase share of available slots at their hub airports, which according to the author are called fortress hubs (p. 29).However, congested hubs are not the only causes of anxiety on anti-competition.Figure 1 Airline market share at Amsterdam Schiphol Airport over 2011based on air transport movementsSource compiled by the author data source Schiphol (2011, p. 25)As airlines join together in alliances the aviation market will become more concentrated. This will increase the risk of collusion between the remaining market participants.At many of these airports governments have found it necessary to divide runway consumption into time- delimit ate segments known as slots and allocate them to airlines that wish to operate from the airport.3. Impacts on airports3.1. Positive impacts on airportsThe presence of airline alliances has various positive impacts on airports. As all members in an alliance have an extended savoir-faire network, because of the connectivity possibilities of their alliance partners, it can be argued that the number of delight passengers at airports increases. Figure 2 shows that the number of conduct passengers at Amsterdam Schiphol Airport in the Netherlands has rose steadily from 18 million in 2004 up to 20.3 million in 2008 (Schiphol, 2011). It can be believed that the presence of the SkyTeam alliance, which uses Amsterdam Schiphol as a hub, has contributed to the growth of carry-forward passengers.As a consequence, this increasing number of transfer passengers has also a positive effect on the purchase of duty-free products in the airport shops. In order to increase the sales at airport shops, an airport can decide on opening speciality stores which may interest international transfer passengers. To come back on the example of Amsterdam Schiphol, in the past years it has opened more luxury duty-free stores as a reply to the increasing demand by in particular Russian and Asian transfer passengers. This includes a Finest Spirits Cigars store and a store that focusses on the sale of various chocolate products. (Schiphol, 2011, p. 58).Figure 2 The number of transfer passengers (in millions) at Amsterdam Schiphol Airport (2004-2011)Source compiled by the author data source Schiphol (2012)3.2. Negative impacts on airportsIn contrast with the various positive effects of airline alliances on airports, there are also some downsides.As airline alliances bring an increased number of additional traffic, congestion at an airport can be considered as a negative effect, particularly at peak times. Especially when there is an ineffective use of the airport infrastructure, it can be hard to harmonise the flights in a short timeframe (Dennis, 2001). At many of this type of airport it has been considered inevitable to split the use of the runway into time-defined segments commonly known as slots (Bjrk, 2002, p. 28). According to IATA (2011), slots can be defined as a permission given by a coordinator for a planned operation to use the full range of airport infrastructure necessary to arrive or depart at an airport on a specific date and time (p. 11). Besides, most flights at hubs are scheduled in so called fluctuates. In each wave, a large number of arriving flights in a short timeframe is followed by more or less the same number of departures, after allowing some time for reallocation of passengers and luggage. For example, enroll 3 shows the wave system of Germanys flag carrier Lufthansa at Munich Airport, which consists of four waves during a regular weekday.Figure 3 Wave-system analysis, Lufthansa, MunichSource Burghouwt (2007), p. 69As airports do not have an unrestricted peak capacity, especially during such a wave, airlines are ought to adapt their schedules. Dennis (2001) discusses two main options for rescheduling. First, flights can be added to the borders of the present waves. Second, new waves can be developed to gentle these additional flights. With regard to the number of connections, the first option is more likely to be chosen. However, while extending the current wave, the connection time will also increase. Figure 4 implies that a wave with approximately 50 aircraft is likely to be the best option. Passing this number could film extra waiting time for passengers, which could result in an increased peak load on the magnetic pole building (p. 2).A second negative impact on airports is the investment that airports have to make for alliances in order to accommodate seamless transfer connectivity. In order to reduce the Minimum Connecting Time (MCT) for passengers, airports have done some adjustments to their infrastr ucture. An example is Brussels Airport in Belgium, which upgraded their customs and immigration facilities to create a better flow of passengers transferring from a Schengen origin to a Non-Schengen destination. Some airports are not designed to accommodate traffic from airline alliances. For example, when an airport has multiple terminals that are not located near each other. This might take a passenger a long time to transfer when alliance partners are expand over multiple terminals, affecting the MCT as well (Dennis, 2001).Figure 4 Increase in connections with wave size (based on 60 arrivals/departures per hourand 30 minute minimum connecting time)Source Dennis (2001, p. 2).ConclusionDuring the last decades, several so called alliances have been formed in the airline industry. According to Stanford-Smith, Chiozza Edin (2002), a strategic alliance can be explained as any form of long-term cooperation between